Latest Tables of Contents with Summaries

2022 Том 6, №2
Independent predictors of low-cardiac output syndrome in the early postoperative period in cad patients: the role of modern biomarkers
V. Shumavets
Cardiac biomarkers are recommended to stratify the risk of surgery in general surgical practice, but their adoption in cardiac surgery patients is limited. The aim of our study is assessing the prognostic possibility and predictive significance of modern cardiac-specific biomarkers (NT-proBNP, sST-2, hsTn-I, Galectin-3, hsCRP and IL-6) in the determining of patient-oriented treatment strategies. In the open prospective cohort study 352 patients with moderate or severe functional ischemic mitral regurgitation (IMR) were included. The inclusion criteria in the study were the reduced myocardial contractility (LV EF < 40%) in chronic CAD patients. CABG combined with mitral valve repair was performed in 239 patients (67.9%), mitral valve replacement in 35 patients (9.9%), and isolated in 78 patients (22.2%). The primary end-point of the study was defined as a complicated postoperative period with worsening of heart failure. Complicated postoperative period has been registered in 80 patients (22.7% of cases). The complicated early postoperative period did not relate to surgical strategies (χ2 = 0.398, p = 0.528). We didn’t find any difference in the degree of left ventricle (LV) remodeling between patients with complicated or not postoperative course (mean LV EDD – 68.2 mm, LV ESD – 56.3 mm, iEDV – 118.9 ml/m2 and iESV – 81.2 ml/m2 , p > 0.05). By contrast, all of the used pre-operative biomarker tests differed in the examined groups of patients (p < 0,001). The complicated postoperative course was observed in 24.6% of cases with isolated elevation of NT-proBNP > 136 pg/ml, in 44.4% of cases with isolated elevation of sST2 > 35.8 ng/ml, and 59.3% of cases in combined increase in thresholds and sST2 and NT-proBNP (χ2 = 71.67, p = 0.001). The highest quality of the model and the estimate forecast of the postoperative low-output syndrome was measured for sST2 and NT-proBNP biomarkers (AUC = 0,792, 95% CI 0,709–0,846). The inclusion of both thresholds of sST2 and NT-proBNP retained their reliable influence on the forecast, with the model showed a high level of consent (79.7% of correctly recognized cases).
Structural and functional state of proteins in erythrocyte membranes of patients with arterial hypertension
E.N. Naida, D.S. Gerasimenok, E.I. Slobozhanina, N.P. Mitkovskaya
Objective. To study the structural and functional state of proteins in erythrocyte membranes of AH patients with asymptomatic brain lesions (ABL) and AH patients without brain lesions who suffered from cerebrovascular accident (CVA). Methods. The study included 47 patients diagnosed with AH. The study groups were formed based on the detected neuroimaging changes in the brain and analysis of the structural and functional state of proteins in the membranes of erythrocytes in patients with AH. The following groups were identified: 1-рatients with AH without BL 2-patients with AH and ABL 3-patients with previous cerebrovascular accident.
Screening for cold agglutinins in patients undergoing cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass: for and against
I.I. Ushakova, R.R. Zhmailik, R.G. Yarosh, M.G. Kaliadka
Cold agglutinins are IgM autoantibodies that bind to antigens on the surface of erythrocytes with higher affinity at low temperatures and lose activity when the temperature increases to 37°C. In the population, the presence of cold agglutinins can be both asymptomatic and clinically manifested by cold agglutinin disease. If these antibodies are detected in low titers or do not cause clinical symptoms at normal body temperature, they are considered subclinical or asymptomatic. This article presents two clinical cases of detection of cold antibodies in patients directed to cardiac surgery treatment with the use of cardiopulmonary bypass. These cases are of interest due to the lack of clear indications for preoperative screening for cold antibodies. Besides, it remains unclear under what conditions and at what temperature clinically significant agglutination is achieved in cases of systemic hypothermia and with cold blood cardioplegia in case of detection of cold agglutinins. This article also discusses decision-making tactics after obtaining a positive screening result.
Overview of the new 2022 european society of cardiology guidelines on cardio-oncology
V.A. Sujayeva
The article presents the main provisions of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) Guidelines on Cardio-Oncology, developed in collaboration with the European Hematology Association, the European Society for Therapeutic Radiology and Oncology, the International Society of Cardiac Oncology in 2022. This is the first ESC guidelines on cardio-oncology, with 272 new recommendations, making the document very informative and voluminous. In this regard, within the framework of this article, only some concepts, definitions and directions for managing cancer patients will be reflected. The main factors of cardiovascular risk, as well as existing approaches to their assessment in patients before the start of cancer therapy and at the stages of dynamic observation, will be considered in detail. Separately, cardiovascular risk stratification associated with cancer therapy in various categories of patients is given.
A multimodal approach to assess the risk of heart failure in patients with acute myocardial infarction (part 1). Clinical and laboratory predictors
N. Tsapaeva, S. Zolotuhina, Е. Mironova, I. Gajdukevich, V. Rodich, Е. Burakovskaja
According to the Russian epidemiological study EPOСHA-CHF (1998–2017), during a 20-year follow-up, the prevalence of chronic heart failure (CHF) increased from 6.1 to 8.2%. Arterial hypertension, coronary heart disease, atrial fibrillation, diabetes mellitus remain the main causes of CHF. At the same time, acute myocardial infarction (AMI) as a cause of heart failure increased by 3 times. The median survival time among the patients with CHF I-II functional class (FC) is 8.4 years, and 3.8 years among the patients with CHF III-IV FC, which indicates a poor prognosis of CHF of any functional class. Currently, a number of clinical, biochemical, angiographic, and imaging approaches have been proposed to stratify the risk of CHF after AMI, but only a few of them are used in routine clinical practice. Given the increasing contribution of CHF to morbidity and mortality after myocardial infarction, early multimodal risk stratification is needed to develop preventive strategies aimed at averting this complication. This report presents current ideas about the role of clinical risk factors, biochemical and genetic markers of CHF, considered as early predictors of heart failure in patients with acute myocardial infarction.
Effectiveness and safety of delamanid-containing regimens in patients with drug-resistant tuberculosis and cardiovascular comorbidities
V.P. Auchynka
Aim. To study the effectiveness of treatment with delamanid-containing regimens in patients with multidrug-resistant and extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis and comorbid cardiovascular diseases, to assess the frequency, structure, and severity of adverse events in the cardiovascular system in this group of patients.
Materials and methods. The study included 125 adult patients with multidrug and extensive drug resistance who started treatment with delamanid-containing regimens from July 2016 to February 2018 at the Republican Research and Practical Center for Pulmonology and Tuberculosis and six regional anti-TB institutions. The main group included patients with multiple and extensive drug resistance and comorbid cardiovascular diseases (N = 46). The control group included patients with multiple and extensive drug resistance without comorbid cardiovascular diseases (N = 79). The formulation and coding of the diagnosis (the underlying disease and comorbid diseases (conditions)) corresponded to the International Classification of Diseases (ICD) of the 10th revision. Adverse events were classified according to the international dictionary MedDRA (Medical Dictionary for Regulatory Activities). The severity of adverse events classification complied with CTCAE (Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events). The severity of adverse events was determined in accordance with the definitions of ICH (The International Council for Harmonization of Technical Requirements for Pharmaceuticals for Human Use), and the treatment outcomes were identified in accordance with clinical guidelines and WHO recommendations. The study materials were the data from the medical records of the patients in the E-Register “Tuberculosis”. Sputum culture conversion was defined as two consecutive negative test results. Treatment outcomes were classified as successful and unsuccessful. For the analysis of adverse events, each event was considered as a unit of analysis both in the aggregate of all adverse events in the cardiovascular system and in groups of patients. Testing of statistical hypotheses was carried out at a critical level of significance p = 0.05, i.e. the difference was considered statistically significant if p < 0.05.
Results of the evaluation of arterial blood pressure indices in patients after cholecystectomy
D. Herasimionak
Background. In view of the changes in the pathogenetic vector towards the study of comorbidity, searching for the ways of cardiovascular risk reduction is still relevant nowadays in specific subgroups of patients with moderate, unusual or undetectable risk levels (for example, in patients with accompanying acute surgical diseases of the abdominal cavity)
Aim. Evaluation of arterial blood pressure indices in patients with acute calculous cholecystitis.
Material and methods. The main group consisted of patients with acute calculous cholecystitis who underwent urgent cholecystectomy and were administered cardioprotective therapy (acetylsalicylic acid and atorvastatin). The first comparison group was formed from patients who underwent urgent cholecystectomy, but did not received cardioprotective therapy. The second comparison group was formed from patients who received cardioprotective therapy, but did not undergo cholecystectomy.
Risk factors for the development of adverse cardiovascular events in patients with a combination of non-compaction and dilated cardiomyopathy
S. Komissarova, N. Rineiska, T. Sevruk, A. Efimova
The objective is to identify factors associated with adverse cardiovascular events in a cohort of patients with a combination of non-compaction (NCCM) and dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) in order to reveal high-risk patients. Materials and methods. 104 patients with a combination of NCCM and DCM aged 31 to 52 years (median age 41 years; 81 men; 23 women) were examined, who, in addition to traditional clinical research methods, underwent cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) imaging with late gadolinium enhancement. The endpoints of the study included progression of chronic heart failure (CHF) to functional class (FC) III NYHA requiring hospitalization, ventricular tachyarrhythmias and thromboembolic events.
Modern approaches to prediction and prevention of cardiotoxic effects of complex treatment of breast cancer
N. Kananchuk, E. Petrova, E. Balysh, S. Kananchuk, M. Abramovich, S. Smirnov, E. Gutkovskaya, N. Mitkovskaya
Objectives. To study the effect of complex treatment of breast cancer (BC) on the parameters of the structural and functional state of the cardiovascular system. To develop a model for predicting the ejection fraction (EF) of the left ventricle (LV) measured by the Simpson method after the end of antitumor therapy on the basis of initial laboratory and instrumental data.
Methods. The cardiovascular system was examined in 100 women who received complex treatment of BC. The groups were formed depending on the presence of arterial hypertension (AH) and on the cardiotropic therapy (CT) received: the BC group, the BC+ CT group, the BC+ AH+CT group.
Ultraviolet blood photomodification in patients with non-ST elevation acute coronary syndrome (part 1). Photochemical reactions
O.V. Laskina, G.A. Zalesskaya, N.V. Mashchar
Objective. To specify photochemical reactions, occurring in the blood of patients with non-ST elevation acute coronary syndrome (NSTE-ACS), followed by the study of the mechanisms of alterations of ultraviolet blood modification (UVBM) into biological reactions.
Methods. We studied 90 blood samples from patients with NSTE-ACS, receiving complex treatment that included UVBM by mercury lamp radiation with blood taken from the ulnar vein (device “Nadezhda”), the course of treatment consisted of 5 procedures conducted daily. We compared absorption spectra of blood and erythrocytes, results of optical oximetry, spectrophotometry, data of general blood analysis before UVBM, during individual procedures and 20–30 minutes after the end of the course.
Differential diagnosis of chronic heart failure and chronic respiratory failure in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
D. Lapitski
Chronic respiratory failure (CRF) has traditionally been considered to be the main cause of death in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). However, modern epidemiological studies have shown that the leading causes of death in patients with COPD are CHD and chronic heart failure (CHF). Aim: to study the prevalence of CRF and CHF in patients with COPD, to determine the informative value of clinical symptoms in their diagnosis, to work out an algorithm of differential diagnosis of CRF and CHF. Methods: subjects – 100 men with COPD. The median age was 67 years. We performed clinical and laboratory examinations. COPD syndrome was diagnosed upon EchoCG and NT-proBNP results. CRF syndrome was diagnosed by the results of exercise testing with simultaneous measurement of arterial blood hemoglobin oxygen saturation.
Certain features of laboratory markers of inflammation and thrombosis in patients with new coronavirus infection SARS-CoV-2 and pulmonary embolism
А.А. Pleshko
Introduction. The COVID-19 pandemic continues with over 600 million cases and over 6 million deaths worldwide according to WHO. The state of hypercoagulation is a key feature of the course of COVID-19 which often leads to the development of serious cardiovascular events and adverse outcomes. There is a higher risk of all-cause mortality in the COVID-19 cohort with thrombotic complications, and mortality among patients with COVID-19 and PE is significantly higher than in patients with either condition alone, indicating a life-threatening additive effect of the combination of COVID-19 and PE. Thus, it is necessary to study further the features of inflammation and thrombosis parameters in patients with COVID-19 given the high prevalence of thrombotic complications among this group of patients.
Objective. To define features of inflammation and thrombosis laboratory markers in patients with COVID-19 and pulmonary embolism.
Cost-effectiveness of different types of stents in the correction of chronic total occlusion
V. Stelmashok
Aim. To study cost-effectiveness of different types of stents in the correction of chronic total occlusion (CTO). Methods. The study included 119 patients after successful coronary artery CTO recanalization in 2009–2012. After 6.1±0.9 months and 12.7±1.6 months a control examination was performed (coronary angiography, intravascular ultrasound, optical coherence tomography). Negative events (in-stent restenosis and thrombosis) were analyzed. Taking into account the obtained data, direct costs were calculated including the cost of implants, and the cost of restenosis and thrombosis treatment.
Characteristics of patients-candidates for atrioventricular node ablation with tachycardiomyopathy due to atrial fibrillation
A. Chasnoits, Ye. Rebeko, D. Goncharik, V. Barsukevich, L. Plashchinskaya, O. Kovalenko, O. Podpalova
Aim. To assess the functional status, the state of ECG parameters, parameters of cardiac hemodynamics and quality of life in patients candidates for ablation of the atrioventricular node with the implantation of pacemakers, resynchronization devices (CRT) due to tachyform of atrial fibrillation.
Materials and methods: the study included 61 patients with a mean age of 59.4 ± 10.4 years, BMI 31.3 ± 5.8; test 6-min. walk 315 ± 173 m. Group 1 pacemaker – patients with implanted pacemaker 19 people, group 2 CRT – 42 people. Quality of life according to the Minnesota questionnaire in the cohort – 49 [32; 65] points (unsatisfactory), CHF FC 2 in general and FC 3 in the pacing group and FC 2 in the CRT group, but no significant differences. The mean QRS duration was 115 [90.146], ms. no significant differences between groups. Only the ratio of R6/S6 and the value of (S1+R6)-(S6+R1) were significantly different in subgroups with different QRS widths, which may be a predictor of the effectiveness of electrocardiotherapy. Ejection fraction (EF) was 32.0 ± 7.6% due to tachycardiomyopathy. Signs of interventricular and intraventricular dyssynchrony were registered.
Menopausal hormone therapy and the risk of venous thromboembolic complications: a modern aspect of the problem
А. Zaharko, A. Podgornaya, O. Murashko
Age-related aspects of women’s health have been in the focus of attention of cardiologists, gynecologists, and endocrinologists for many years. The physiological features of the course of the peri- and postmenopausal periods and the possible consequences of estrogen deficiency are already well-studied. For nearly 20 years, there has been a debate about the benefit-risk ratio of menopausal hormone therapy. The evidence for its protective effect on age-related cases is overwhelming: prevention of osteoporosis development, cardiovascular diseases, cognitive decline, and improvement of the overall quality of life.
The article presents current data on the association of menopausal hormone therapy with venous thromboembolic complications, depending on the type of estrogen and progestogen components, dose, regimen and methods of application. The feasibility and safety of menopausal hormone therapy in the context of the COVID-19 coronavirus pandemic is considered. The probability of increased risk of thromboembolic complications in case of COVID-19 infection during menopausal hormone therapy has not been proven in clinical practice. The data from the latest publications are presented, indicating the likely positive effect of female sex hormones on the course of SARS-CoV-2 and the recommendations of the leading international communities on menopause measurement regarding the admissibility of menopausal hormone therapy during the pandemic and limited ability to counsel patients.
The role of inflammation in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis
M. Kazakova, K. Vysotskaya, N. Mitkovskaya
Despite advances in the field of diagnosis and treatment of patients with coronary heart disease, the incidence of cardiovascular complications remains quite high. The main factor in the development of ischemic diseases of the cardiovascular system is atherosclerosis.
Over the past three years, research findings have been obtained indicating that atherosclerosis is an inflammatory disease. It is widely accepted that both innate and adaptive immune responses are important for initiation and progression of atherosclerosis, which mainly consist of monocytes, macrophages, neutrophils, T lymphocytes, and B lymphocytes. Moreover, inflammatory biomarkers such as high-sensitivity C-reactive protein and interleukin-6 are known to predict future cardiovascular events, as well as conventional low-density or high-density lipoprotein cholesterol.
Thus, current understanding of the inflammatory mechanisms of atherosclerosis have led us to explore novel therapeutic approaches that reducing vascular inflammation itself could lower the rates of critical cardiovascular events. In this review, we will first outline the mechanisms of atherosclerosis, especially focusing on their inflammatory aspects. Then we will introduce several critical inflammatory biomarkers that contribute to risk stratification of clinical cardiovascular events.
Modern trends in the use of lipid-lowering drugs for the treatment of patients with atherosclerosis
George E. Kordzakhia, Serhei V. Spiridonov, Ivan P. Klimchuk, Ivan A. Khalkin, Elena M. Drovilo
The creation of lipid-lowering drugs has become one of the greatest achievements of medicine over the past 100 years. Nowadays, cardiovascular diseases caused by atherosclerosis are the leading cause of death in most countries.
Atherosclerosis is a complex process involving the deposition of lipids and the activation of immune and inflammatory responses that ultimately lead to cardiovascular disease as a result of arterial occlusion. Currently, the main strategy for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases caused by atherosclerosis is lipid-modifying therapy. Although clinical trials of agents that lower low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) (statins, ezetimibe, PCSK9 [subtilisin/kexin 9] proprotein convertase inhibitors) reliably indicate a decrease in cardiovascular events, a relatively high risk of cardiovascular events persists in a significant proportion of patients despite such treatment.
Myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury in patients with unstable angina and coronary stenting
A. Miadzvedzeva, L. Gelis, T. Rusak, O. Polonetsky, M. Kaliadka, T. Gevorkyan
Objective. To study frequency and identify predictors of myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury in patients with unstable angina and stenting of the coronary arteries.
Materials and Methods. The study included 61 patients with unstable angina and coronary artery stenting. Stenting was performed 3.2±1.4 days after admission to the hospital. The average number of affected vessels was 1.76±0.3 per person, the average number of implanted stents was 1.9±1.32 per person. The risk according to the GRACE scale at the time of stenting was 100.3±8.46 points. All patients were assessed for troponin I, myeloperoxidase, and C-reactive protein levels; platelet, plasma and vascular hemostasis were evaluated. Patients also underwent echocardiography and coronary angiography.
Outpatient treatment strategies for lower extremity varicose vein disease
V. Khryschanovich, N. Rogovoy, I. Klimchuk, D. Kress, G. Kordzakhia
According to the World Health Organization, every third adult on the planet suffers from varicose vein disease of the lower extremities (VVD). In the Republic of Belarus there are more than 2 million people with VVD of the superficial veins of the lower extremities, of which about 400,000 reside in Minsk. Trophic disorders are observed in 2% of the total population. According to the RELIEF study (Reflux assurance and quality of life improvement with micronized Flavonoids in chronic venous insufficiency (CVI) – a study conducted from March 1997 to December 1998 in 23 countries with more than 10,000 patients suffering from CVI), 78% patients with symptoms of CVI did not receive treatment. Nowadays, surgical treatment methods for the VVD are very diverse. Currently, in developed countries, there is a trend towards an increase in minimally invasive interventions in the treatment of VVD performed on an outpatient basis. Among the proposed types of invasive methods of treatment, endovenous laser ablation, sclerotherapy, endovenous mechanochemical and radiofrequency obliteration are most widely used.

Guidelines for Authors

The presented requirements for scientific articles are based on the 'Uniform Requirements for Manuscripts Submitted to Biomedical Journals' of the International Committee of Medical Journal Editors.

I. Recommendations to the author before submitting an article

Articles that meet the following criteria may be submitted for consideration: 

  • The article has not been previously published in another journal
  • The article is not under consideration in another journal
  • All co-authors agree with the publication of the current version of the article
  • The article meets the basic requirements for publication in the journal “Neotlozhnaya kardiologiya i kardiovaskulyarnye riski” (“Emergency Cardiology and Cardiovascular Risks”)

The journal “Neotlozhnaya kardiologiya i kardiovaskulyarnye riski” (“Emergency Cardiology and Cardiovascular Risks”) accepts the following types of articles: original articles, reviews, interesting case reports, teaching articles and other.

Authors are encouraged to use the following checklists and charts developed by international health organizations (EQUATOR, Enhancing the Quality and Transparency of Health Research) when preparing original articles and other materials: “CONSORT 2010 checklist of information to include when reporting a randomizes trial”, “The Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) Statement: guidelines for reporting observational studies”, “PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses)”, “The CARE Guidelines: Consensus-based Clinical Case Reporting Guideline Development”,  “SRQR (Standards for reporting qualitative research)”, “STARD 2015: An Updated List of Essential Items for Reporting Diagnostic Accuracy Studies”.

Before submitting the article for consideration, make sure that the file(s) contains all the necessary information, the sources of the information in the figures and tables are indicated, all citations are properly formatted.

II. Submitting of an article 

One сору of the manuscript and signed accompanying documents (letters from the institution with the head's approval, cover letter) should be sent to the editorial board by mail. It is obligatory to send an electronic version of the article, graphic materials and digital copies (scans) of accompanying documents to the e-mail address of the journal - emcardio@bsmu.by

Articles are accepted by the editorial board with a referral letter having the head's signature of the institution (see the example of the referral letter on the journal's website).

While submitting a manuscript to the editorial board of the journal the cover letter from authors must be included, where the following points should be reflected (see the example of a cover letter on the journal's website):

  • the initials and last names of the authors
  • the article title
  • information that the article has not been previously published or submitted to another journal for consideration and publication
  • the authors' commitment that if the article is accepted for publication, they will give the copyright to the publisher
  • a statement that there are no financial or other conflict of interest
  • evidence that the authors have not received any form of reward from manufacturing companies, including competitors that could influence the results of the work
  • information about the authors' participation in the creation of the article
  • information about the authors' participation in the creation of the article
  • signatures of all authors

Manuscripts that do not meet the requirements are not accepted by the editorial board and the authors are informed about this decision. Correspondence with authors is carried out only by e-mail

Materials for publication should be sent to:

The journal “Neotlozhnaya kardiologiya i kardiovaskulyarnye riski”, ul. Leningradskaya, 6, kabinet 2, Minsk, 220006, Republic of Belarus

E-mail: emcardio@bsmu.by

Website: emcardio.bsmu.by

Contact phone number: +375173285892

III. Requirements for the formatting of the article

The article must be created using the Microsoft Word text editor of any version and have the following formatting:

Width of the left/upper/bottom/right margin is 3 cm/2.5 cm/2.5 cm/1 cm.

Font– Times New Roman, 12 points.

Line spacing 1,5.

Paragraph indent 1.25 cm

Font color black 

Orientation - portrait

Hyphenation – none

Alignment – justify

Headings and subheadings are started on a new line and typed in bold with left alignment without dot at the end. 1,25 cm paragraph indentation is left before the headings. Other formatting is not allowed in the text of the article.

IV. Structure of the article

The article should have the following structure:

1. The initials and last names of the authors

2. Title of the article.

3. Full name of the institutions in which the authors work, indicating the city and country (superscript Arabic numerals indicate the correspondence of the institutions)

4. An abstract in English (1800 to 2500 characters with spaces for original articles, at least 1000 characters for reviews and case reports) should be a brief summary of a large scientific work. It can be published independently from the main text, therefore, it should be understandable without reference to the publication itself. In terms of structure, it is advisable to repeat the sections of the article (for an original articles: purpose, methods, results, conclusion). The text of the abstract should be concise and clear, free of secondary information, superfluous introductory words, and general formulations. The abstract should not contain references to literature. No abbreviations or acronyms other than the commonly used ones should be used. The results of the work are described very accurately and informative. The abstract should contain main theoretical and experimental results, actual data, the relationships and patterns that have been found. Preference is given to new results and data of long-term significance, important discoveries, conclusions that refute existing theories, as well as data that, in the opinion of the author, are of practical importance. Conclusions may be accompanied by recommendations, assessments, suggestions, hypotheses described in the article.

5. Keywords - a set of words that reflect the content of the text in terms of the object, scientific field and research methods; the recommended number of keywords - 5-10.

6. The main text of the article. Depending on the type of manuscript, the structure of the full text may vary. The volume of article including figures, tables, references and abstracts in original articles and case reports should not exceed 30 thousand characters with spaces, in reviews and teaching articles - 45 thousand characters with spaces. Word abbreviations are not allowed except for common abbreviations of chemical and mathematical quantities, measures, terms. The SI system should be used in the articles.

6.1 Original articles  

Original articles contain the results of original research. 

  • Introduction (no more than 2 pages). It should reveal the relevance of the problem that became the subject of the study including its scope (prevalence, morbidity, etc.), mediated effects (social, economic), and identify solved and unsolved aspects of the problem with an analysis of previously published data
  • Purpose of the study 
  • Methods (the section should contain information about the study design, its term, the way of assessing the results of the study, testing the hypothesis of the study with a description of statistical methods and a package for processing the results)
  • Results (a detailed summary of the content and results of the study; if necessary, this section may be divided into subsections)
  • Discussion (the results should be discussed in regard of novelty and compared with known data)
  • Сonclusion (must be presented as a comprehensive text)
  • Source of funding 1 (should specify the source of funding for the performed work)
  • Conflict of interest 2 (the presence of obvious and potential conflicts of interest - conditions and facts that can affect the results of the study or their interpretation)
  • Acknowledgement 3

6.2 Review article

The purpose of a review article is to discuss the accumulated material and present the author's new view of previously described phenomena, rethinking, and searching for new approaches to their interpretation, rather than simply listing the facts and stating the current state of the issue.

Obligatory sections of a review article:

  • Introduction 
  • Discussion (can be isolated in a separate section or run smoothly through the entire text) 
  • Conclusion - (must be presented as a comprehensive text) 
  • Source of funding 1 (should specify the source of funding for the performed work)
  • Conflict of interest 2 (the presence of obvious and potential conflicts of interest - conditions and facts that can affect the results of the study or their interpretation)
  • Acknowledgement 3

1 - you should provide information about the sources of sponsorship in the form of grants, equipment, medicines.

2 - “conflict of interest” refers to the conditions under which people have conflicting or competing interests that can influence an editorial decision. Conflicts of interest can be potential, perceived, and real. Personal, political, financial, scientific, or religious factors may affect objectivity. The author must notify the editor of a real or potential conflict of interest by including information about the conflict of interest in the appropriate section of the article. If there is no conflict of interest the author must also declare it. Sample wording: “The team of authors declares that there is no conflict of interest”. 

3 - in the Acknowledgements section, acknowledgements are given to people who participated in the work on the article, but who are not the authors. Participation in the work on the article implies: recommendations to improve the research, providing space for research, departmental control, receiving financial support, single types of analysis, providing reagents/patients/animals/other materials for the research.

7. References (number of sources should be 25 or less for an original article and 50 or less for reviews) should be compiled according to the Harvard standard (Harvard reference system). Citations in text should be indicated by a number in square brackets (e.g., [1]). References to unpublished works are not allowed. References on sources in Russian should have following structure: authors (transliteration), title of the article in transliterated version [translation of article title into English in square brackets], title of the Russian-language source (transliteration) [translation of source title into English], output data with designations in English. Transliteration of Russian-language titles is performed according to the BSI standard. Examples of formatting of the reference list are listed below. 

References to books: 

  1. Rips L.J. Lines of thought: central concepts in cognitive psychology. Oxford : Oxford Univ. Press, 2011. 441 p.
  2. de Benoist B. et al., eds. Worldwide prevalence of anaemia 1993-2005. WHO Global Database on Anaemia Geneva, World Health Organization, 2008.
  3. Sorokina T.S. Istoriya meditsinyi [History of medicine]. M.: Academia, 2008, 560 p. (in Russian).
  4. Izvekov V.I., Serikhin N.A., Abramov A.I. Proektirovanie turbogeneratorov [Design of Turbo-generators]. Moscow, MEI Publ., 2005, 440 p. (in Russian).

References to journal articles:

  1. George G.W. Vetrovec Hemodynamic Support Devices for Shock and High-Risk PCI:When and Which One. Curr Cardiol Rep. 2017, vol. 19 no.10, pp. 100. doi: 10.1007/s11886-017-0905-3. 
  2. von Drygalski A., Adamson J.W. Ironing out fatigue. Blood, 2011, vol. 118, pp. 3191-3192.
  3. Huo T.I., Lin H.C., Lee S.D. Model for end-stage liver disease and organ allocation in liver transplantation: where are we and where should we go? J Chin Med Assoc, 2006, vol. 69, no. 5, pp. 193-198.
  4. Cholongitas E., Marelli L., Shusang V., Senzolo M., Rolles K., Patch D., Burroughs A.K. A systematic review of the performance of the model for end-stage liver disease (MELD) in the setting of liver transplantation. Liver Transpl, 2006, vol. 12, no. 7, pp. 1049-1061.
  5. Ibanez B., James S., Agewall S., Antunes M.J., Bucciarelli-Ducci C., Bueno H., Caforio A.L.P., Crea F., Goudevenos J.A., Halvorsen S., Hindricks G., Kastrati A., Lenzen M.J., Prescott E., Roffi M., Valgimigli M., Varenhorst C., Vranckx P., Widimský P. 2017 ESC Guidelines for the management of acute myocardial infarction in patients presenting with ST-segment elevation: The Task Force for the management of acute myocardial infarction in patients presenting with ST-segment elevation of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC). Eur Heart J, 2017, vol. 26. doi: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehx393.
  6. Belov Yu.V., Varaksin V.A. Strukturno-geometricheskie izmeneniya miokarda i osobennosti zentral'noy gemodinamiki pri postinfarktnom remodelirovanii levogo zheludochka [Structural and geometric changes in the myocardium and features of central hemodynamics in postinfarction remodeling of the left ventricle]. Kardiologiya. 2003, vol. 43, no. 1, pp. 19-23. (in Russian).
  7. Mit'kovskaya N.P., Toropilov D.M. Kardiorenal'nyy sindrom pri ostroy ishemicheskoy bolezni serdza [Cardiorenal syndrome in acute coronary heart disease]. Med. zhurnal, 2009, no. 1, pp. 19-23. (in Russian).
  8. Mitkovskaya N., Rummo O., Grigorenko E. Stratifikaziya riska vnezapnoy serdechnoy smerti u rezipientov transplantatov pecheni i pochek [Stratification of the risk of sudden cardiac death in recipients of liver and kidney transplants]. Kardiologiya v Belarusi, 2014, vol. 3, pp. 27-33. (in Russian).

References to articles from collection of articles: 

  1. Pavlyukovskaya E.G. Primenenie pribora spektrofotometr v stomatologicheskoy praktike [Application of the device spectrophotometer in dental practice]. Ctudenty i molodye uchyenye belorusskogo gosudarstvennogo medizinskogo universiteta - medizinskoy nauke i zdravoochraneniyu Respubliki Belarus : sb. nauch. tr. studentov i molodych uchyenych pod red. A. V. Sikorskogo, O. K. Doroninoy. Minsk : BGMU, 2016, pp. 317-320. (in Russian).

Reference to a thesis or dissertation

  1. Ponomareva M.N. Diagnostika i medikamentoznaya korrekziya narusheniy gemodinamiki pri ishemicheskoy neyropatii zritel'nogo nerva u bol'nych s serdechno-sosudistymi zabolevaniyami [Diagnosis and drug correction of hemodynamic disorders in ischemic neuropathy of the optic nerve in patients with cardiovascular diseases] : Diss. dokt. med. nauk : 14.01.07. M., 2010, 235 s. (in Russian).

Reference to patents

  1. Chichkin D.N, Ulaschik V.S., Mit'kovskaya N.P., Mucharskaya Yu.A., Kul'chizkiy V.A. Sposob lecheniya revmatoidnogo artrita [A method of treating rheumatoid arthritis]. Patent BY no 10617, 2006. (in Russian).

V. Information about the authors 

The section is provided at the end of the article and should contain the following information:

  • full name, academic title, degree, position, place of employment
  • working address, and contacts (e-mail, phone numbers, ORCID)

VI. Guidelines on Formatting Tables 

All tables should have a numbered header and clearly marked columns that are easy to read and understand. Table data should correspond to the data in the text but should not duplicate the information presented in it. References to tables in the text are obligatory.

Tables are numbered by arabic numerals in the order of the text. If there is only one table in the text then it is not numbered. The title of the table includes the table number and its name. Alignment of the title – “Left Align”. Title formatting example: Table 1. Scale of risk factors. No dot after the title is required.

Notes to the table are in the same font style and size as the main text (Times New Roman, 12 points), Alignment – “Justify”. Note is placed under the table and must contain the explanation of used abbreviations and other information which is necessary for the interpretation of the data presented in the table.

VII. Guidelines on Formatting Figures

Each figure must be accompanied by a numbered title. References to figures in the text are mandatory. 

Figures are numbered by arabic numerals in the order of the text. If there is only one figure in the text then it is not numbered. The title includes the number and the name of the figure. Alignment of the title – “Center Align”. Title formatting example: 'Figure 1. Normal electrocardiogram'. No dot after the figure title is required. A note to the figure should be in the same font style and size as the main text (Times New Roman, 12 points), Alignment – “Justify”, placed under the figure title and must contain the explanation of used abbreviations and other information which is necessary for the interpretation of the data presented in the figures.

Illustrations (graphs, diagrams, schemes, drawings) drawn with MS Office tools should be contrast and clear. Illustrations should be made in a separate file and saved as an image (in *.jpeg, *.bmp, *.gif format), and then placed in the manuscript file as a fixed figure. It is unacceptable to put any elements (arrows, captions) over the figure inserted in the manuscript file by means of MS WORD due to the great risk of their loss at the stages of editing and layout.

Photographs, screenshots, and other non-drawn illustrations should not only be inserted in the text of the manuscript but also uploaded separately as *.jpeg, *.bmp, *.gif files (*.doc and *.docx - in case additional marks are put on the image). The resolution of the image should be >300 dpi. The image files should be given a name corresponding to the number of the figure in the text.

Checklist for Preparing Material for Submission

Authors must acknowledge the following items to submit an article. The manuscript may be returned to the authors if it does not match them:

  1. The article has not been previously published nor it has been submitted for review and publication in another journal.
  2. The file of the submitted article is in Microsoft Word document format with figures and tables placed in the text after the references to them, i.e., all the information is submitted in one file.
  3. Full web addresses (URLs) for references are given where it is possible.
  4. The text is typed with the following parameters: font style – Times New Roman, font size – 12 points, line spacing 1,5, paragraph indent 12,5 mm, no word hyphenation. Margins: upper and bottom - 25 mm, left - 30 mm, right - 10 mm. All pages must be numbered; all illustrations, graphs and tables are placed in appropriate places in the text, not at the end of the document.
  5. The text complies with the stylistic and bibliographic requirements described in the 'Rules for Authors'.

The order of reviewing article manuscripts submitted to the scientific and practical peer-reviewed journal “Emergency Cardiology and Cardiovascular Risks”

Manuscripts of all scientific articles submitted to the editors are subject to mandatory review by two independent experts. Review is carried out by the scientists who are recognized experts in the field of reviewed materials and work in the field of knowledge to which the content of the manuscript belongs and who have had publications on the subject of the article under review over the last three years.

The author, supervisor of a scientific degree scholar or coauthors of the reviewed work cannot be reviewers. The review of a scientific article is issued in accordance with the Memo to the reviewer of scientific articles and materials submitted to the journal “Emergency Cardiology and Cardiovascular Risks”.

Manuscripts are not considered for publication in case they do not meet the “Rules for Authors” which are published for convenience in the journal and its electronic version.

The editor informs the author about the review result by providing a copy of the review. The review contains recommendations for publication, correction and improvement of the article or a reasonable refusal. The author of the manuscript may take into account the recommendations when preparing a new version of the article or reasonably refute them. Articles refined by the author are resubmitted for review by a reviewer who made critical comments. The incoming date is considered to be the date of the refined article submission. If the author disagrees with the reviewer's comments, he may apply for a second review engaging a third expert or withdraw the article.

Articles and article reviews are discussed at the meeting of the editorial board, which serves as a basis to accept or reject an article. The decision of the editorial board is registered in by the protocol.

The order and priority of publications are determined depending on the volume of published materials and the list of subdivisions in a particular issue.

The editorial board does not guarantee the publication of all submitted materials. The article will not be accepted for consideration if it has been published or sent to other journals, the authors have not provided their complete personal data or the article does not meet the “Rules for Authors”. The editors reserve the right to edit the article without notifying the authors.

The final decision on the expediency of publications after their reviewing is made by the editorial board.

Articles not allowed for publication:

  • manuscripts which are not related to the scientific area of the journal;
  • manuscripts which do not meet the design requirements and their authors refuse to make their technical refinement;
  • manuscripts, the authors of which did not change the article according to the constructive requirements of the reviewer;

manuscripts, representing significant plagiarism due to copying data or conclusions from another author’s research without proper citation/reference (according to the recommendations of the World Association of Medical Editors (WAME) and COPE (Committee on Publication Ethics)); resubmission of the publication under the name of another author (in the original language or in translation); verbatim copying of more than 100 words from another (including his own) publication in the absence of a properly arranged quotation; unpublished borrowings of previously published ideas or hypotheses of other authors, and/or those that have not been tested by the “Anti-plagiarism” Automatic Text Checking System for borrowing from publicly available information sources.

If plagiarism is suspected:

the editorial board informs the experts and the author(s) of the material in writing about the initiation of the editorial investigation and its expected timeframe (2 months). Based on the results of the editorial investigation, a written statement is drawn up (stored in the editorial office), copies of which are provided to the person who discovered the fact of plagiarism and the author(s) about the decision made and the undertaken actions.

In case of insignificant plagiarism the editors of the journal must notify the author about the fact of plagiarism and obtain written explanations. If a violation by the author is qualified as unintentional, confine to a reprimand and sending a message about the inappropriateness of repeated cases. A revised manuscript with references to all original sources of borrowing may be published.

Manuscripts and electronic versions of both published and unpublished materials are not returned.

Reviews are kept in the editorial office for five years.

About Us

ISSN 2616-633X

Publishing semi-annual
Articles in Russian. Summaries in English

Address:

Dzerzhinski Ave., 83, Minsk, Republic of Belarus, 220116
Tel: +375 17 277-12-01.
Fax: +375 17 277-12-02
E-mail:  emcardio@bsmu.by
Web-site:  https://emcardio.bsmu.by

Editor-in-chief: Prof. Natalya P. Mitkovskaya, MD, PhD. Educational Institution «Belarusian State Medical University», Minsk, Belarus

Executive Secretary: Ekaterina B. Petrova, PhD Educational Institution «Belarusian State Medical University», Minsk, Belarus

Executive Editorial Office Secretary: Olga V. Laskina. Educational Institution «Belarusian State Medical University», Minsk, Belarus

 

Editor-in-chief greeting

 

Publication Ethics

Editorial Board

Sikorskij A.V., PhD in Medical sciences, Associate Professor  (Minsk, Belarus)
Vojtovich T.N., Grand PhD in Medical sciences, Professor (Minsk, Belarus)
Gelis L.G., Grand PhD in Medical sciences, Professor (Minsk, Belarus)
Gubkin S.V., Grand PhD in Medical sciences, Professor (Minsk, Belarus)
Danilova L.I., Grand PhD in Medical sciences, Associate Professor (Minsk, Belarus)
Dzjadz`ko A.M., Grand PhD in Medical sciences, Associate Professor (Minsk, Belarus)
Karpov I.A., Grand PhD in Medical sciences, Professor (Minsk, Belarus)
Kirkovkij V.V., Grand PhD in Medical sciences, Professor (Minsk, Belarus)
Kozlovkij V.i., Grand PhD in Medical sciences, Professor (Vitebsk, Belarus)
Kopitov A.V., Grand PhD in Medical sciences, Professor (Minsk, Belarus)
Ostrovskij Ju.P. A.Yu., PhD in Medical sciences, Associate Professor  (Minsk, Belarus)
Petrova M.N., PhD in Philological sciences, Associate Professor  (Minsk, Belarus)
Pristrom A.M., Grand PhD in Medical sciences, Professor (Minsk, Belarus)
Rudenko E.V., Grand PhD in Medical sciences, Professor (Minsk, Belarus)
Rudenok V.V., Grand PhD in Medical sciences, Professor (Minsk, Belarus)
Ruzanov D.Yu., PhD in Medical sciences, Associate Professor (Gomel, Belarus)
Salivonchik D.P., Grand PhD in Medical sciences, Professor (Gomel, Belarus)
Sidorovich E. K., Grand PhD in Medical sciences, Associate Professor (Minsk, Belarus)
Sudzhaeva O.A., Grand PhD in Medical sciences (Minsk, Belarus)
Uss A.L., Grand PhD in Medical sciences, Professor (Minsk, Belarus)
Tsapaeva N.L., Grand PhD in Medical sciences, Professor (Minsk, Belarus)
Yanushko A.V., PhD in Medical sciences, Associate Professor (Grodno, Belarus)

 

Advisory Editorial Board

(International Consultative Committee)

Abel`skaya I.S., Grand PhD in Medical sciences, Professor (Minsk, Belarus)
Khryshchanovich V.Ya., Grand PhD in Medical sciences, Professor (Minsk, Belarus)
Azimferey Leonhard, Grand PhD in Medical sciences, Professor (Tîrgu Mureș, Romania)
Arutjunov G.P., Corresponding Member of the Russian Academy of Sciences , Grand PhD in Medical sciences, Professor (Moscow, Russian Federation)
Bedel'baeva G.G., Grand PhD in Medical sciences, Professor (Almaty, Kazakhstan)
Beljaeva L.N., Grand PhD in Medical sciences, Professor (Minsk, Belarus)
Vismont F.I., Corresponding Member of the National Academy of Sciences o Belarus , Grand PhD in Medical sciences, Professor (Minsk, Belarus)
Dzhunusbekova G.A., Grand PhD in Medical sciences, Professor (Almaty, Kazakhstan)
Drapkina O.M., Corresponding Member of Russian Academy of Sciences , Grand PhD in Medical sciences, Professor (Moscow, Russian Federation)
Dudarenko S.V., Grand PhD in Medical sciences, Professor (St. Petersburg, Russian Federation)
Kamilova U.K., Grand PhD in Medical sciences, Professor (Tashkent, Uzbekistan)
Kibira Satoshi, Grand PhD in Medical sciences, Professor (Akita, Japan)
Koziolova N.A., Grand PhD in Medical sciences, Professor (Perm, Russian Federation)
Kostjuk William, Grand PhD in Medical sciences, Professor (London, Canada)
Krasnyj S.A., Corresponding Member of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, Grand PhD in Medical sciences, Professor (Minsk, Belarus)
Kubarko A.I., Grand PhD in Medical sciences, Professor (Minsk, Belarus)
Kul'chickij V.A., Corresponding Member of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus,  Grand PhD in Medical sciences, Professor (Minsk, Belarus)
Linn Tommi, Grand PhD in Medical sciences, Professor (Stockholm, Sweden)
Mrochek A.G., Academician of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus,  Grand PhD in Medical sciences, Professor (Minsk, Belarus)
Oganov R.G., Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences,  Grand PhD in Medical sciences, Professor (Moscow, Russian Federation)
Ostrovskij Ju.P., Academician of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus,  Grand PhD in Medical sciences, Professor (Minsk, Belarus)
Pershagen Joran, Grand PhD in Medical sciences, Professor (Stockholm, Sweden)
Pinevich D.L., First Deputy Minister of Health of the Republic of Belarus (Minsk, Belarus)
Rebrov A.P., Grand PhD in Medical sciences, Professor (Saratov, Russian Federation)
Rud Charls, Grand PhD in Medical sciences, Professor (Berkeley, USA)
Rummo O.O., Corresponding Member of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, Grand PhD in Medical sciences, Professor (Minsk, Belarus)
Skugarevskij O.A., Grand PhD in Medical sciences, Professor (Minsk, Belarus)
Snezhickij V.A., Corresponding Member of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, Grand PhD in Medical sciences, Professor (Grodno, Belarus)
Sukalo A.V., Academician of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus,  Grand PhD in Medical sciences, Professor (Minsk, Belarus)
Tiffi Patrik, Grand PhD in Medical sciences, Professor (London, Canada)
Tret'jak S.I., Corresponding Member of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, Grand PhD in Medical sciences, Professor (Minsk, Belarus)
Fedoruk A.M., Grand PhD in Medical sciences, Professor (Minsk, Belarus)
Hirmanov V.N., Grand PhD in Medical sciences, Professor (St. Petersburg, Russian Federation)
Zhebentyayev A.I., Grand PhD in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Professor (Vitebsk, Belarus)
Gurina N.S., Grand PhD in Biological sciences, Professor (Minsk, Belarus)
Tsarenkov V.M., Grand PhD in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Professor (Minsk, Belarus)
Khishova O.M., Grand PhD in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Professor (Vitebsk, Belarus)
Kuznetsov V.A., Grand PhD in Medical sciences, Professor (Tyumen, Russian Federation)

 

Publishing Group

Balysh E. M., PhD in Medical sciences, Associate Professor (Minsk, Belarus)
Rachok L.V., PhD in Medical sciences, Associate Professor (Minsk, Belarus)
Volod'ko Ju.S., PhD in Medical sciences, Associate Professor (Minsk, Belarus)
Gerasimenok D.S., PhD in Medical sciences, Associate Professor (Minsk, Belarus)
Grigorenko E.A., PhD in Medical sciences, Associate Professor (Minsk, Belarus)
Mazanik Ju.N., (Minsk, Belarus)
Martusevich N.A., PhD in Medical sciences, Associate Professor (Minsk, Belarus)
Pyko A.A., PhD in Medical sciences (Minsk, Belarus)
Rustamov M.N., PhD in Medical sciences, Associate Professor (Minsk, Belarus)
Skakun L.N., (Minsk, Belarus)
Statkevich T.V., PhD in Medical sciences, Associate Professor (Minsk, Belarus)
Tenjushko E.S., (Minsk, Belarus)
Lanushevskaia A.V., (Minsk, Belarus)
Korzhenevskaia Iu.V., (Minsk, Belarus)
Tkachyova O.A., design, computer layout (Minsk, Belarus)
Vinokurov V.F., design, computer layout (Minsk, Belarus)
Zhuk L.I., editor (Minsk, Belarus)