Latest Tables of Contents with Summaries

2025 Том 9, №1

Clinical case of infective endocarditis of the patient in the postpartum period
T. V. Statkevich, E. M. Balysh, A. A. Ermolaev, D. D. Drozd, I. V. Patsiayuk, K. B. Petrova, Y. I. Mankevich, N. А. Ladygina, D. V. Demidovich, P. V. Konovalov, S. I. Kuznecova, V. V. Shumovec, N. P. Mitkovskaya

Infective endocarditis is a difficult-to-diagnose disease that has a heterogeneous clinical picture and requires a multidisciplinary approach to the diagnosis and management. The article considers a clinical case of left-sided infective endocarditis in a young patient, the debut of which was a cerebral infarction.

The role of magnetic resonance imaging in the diagnosis of cardiac amyloidosis
H. Model, T. Нorbat, T. Rusak

Cardiac amyloidosis is characterized by extracellular deposition of abnormal proteins in the myocardium. A manifestation of cardiac amyloidosis is the rapid progression of heart failure and the development of life-threatening arrhythmias, atrial fibrillation, and embolic strokes. The diagnosis of cardiac amyloidosis should be excluded in all patients with rapidly progressive heart failure associated with a restrictive remodeling phenotype in combination with myocardial hypertrophy. Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is considered to be an accurate and specific diagnostic method. This article reviews the diagnostic MR-criteria for cardiac amyloidosis and provides confirmed clinical cases.

LAMIN-related dilated cardiomyopathy
S. Komissarova, N. Rineiska, N. Chakova, S. Niyazova, A. Dubovik, A. Efimova

Lamin-related dilated cardiomyopathy is a genetic disease that causes rapidly progressive heart failure (HF), various arrhythmias and conduction disorders, and it is associated with a high risk of sudden cardiac death (SCD). The article presents a clinical case of a patient with cardiomyopathy caused by mutations in the LMNA gene, its early manifestations being rapidly progressive HF, ventricular systolic dysfunction, valvular abnormalities, supraventricular and ventricular rhythm and conduction disorders. The case study shows the evolution of clinical manifestations during the follow-up period, as well as discusses the risk stratification of sudden cardiac death and the strategy of its prevention.

A case of successful stimulation of the cardiac conduction system in atrioventricular block in a child after correction of a congenital heart defect
V. O. Kadochkin, D. A. Pilant, V. G. Kolbik, T. A. Ilbut, K. V. Drozdovsky

The problem of choosing the optimal method of electrocardiostimulation in children is becoming extremely relevant. Children are more likely to experience long-term side effects of constant electrocardiostimulation, due to the specific features of a child’s body, the anatomy of congenital heart defect and the lifelong need for an electrocardiostimulator. Left bundle branch area pacing (LBBP) can be considered as an effective alternative method of pacing in children with postoperative atrioventricular (AV) block following correction of congenital and acquired heart defects.
This article presents a clinical case of successful left bundle branch area pacing in an 11-year-old child with postoperative AV block following radical correction of the Fallot tetrad, which was the first to be performed in pediatric practice in the Republic of Belarus. A more physiological contraction of the left ventricle in cardiac conduction system pacing helps to reduce the risk of pacemaker-induced cardiomyopathy and the progression of chronic heart failure, which makes this method preferable in pediatric practice.

The role of veno-venous shunting in the treatment of recurrent varicocele caused by renal venous hypertension, brief review and clinical cases
M. Doronin, I. Dub, I. Dubouski, S. Nesterenko, A. Pileckaya, S. Achynovich, A. Chybirev

Recurrent varicocele is one of the most common complications associated with the treatment of varicocele. According to the analysis of domestic and foreign literature, the recurrence rate can reach 29% and above, which depends on the type of surgical intervention. In 50% of cases, the reason of varicocele development is hypertension in upper segments of the venous network. This hypertension is caused by various types of arterio-venous conflicts and developmental abnormalities of the urogenital system. Therefore, undiagnosed and uncorrected hemodynamic disorders in the renal venous basin are one of the reasons for recurrent varicocele after performing surgical treatment. Such hemodynamic disorders are a significant predisposing factor for the development of vascular nephropathy and renal arterial hypertension. In this context, the most preferable approach is performing shunting operations that preserve bypass of renal-caval blood flow. Two cases of recurrent varicocele are presented in this article, that show the effectiveness of creating veno-venous anastomoses. Each patient had recurrent left-sided varicocele and Nutcracker syndrome. Patient O. had recurrent varicocele after two laparoscopic varicocelectomies, while patient P. had recurrent varicocele after subinguinal microsurgical varicocelectomy. Both cases had laboratory signs of developing nephropathy in addition to venous hypertension (elevated levels of cystatin C in blood plasma and albumin in urine). Proximal testicular-inferior-epigastric venous anastomosis was performed on patient O, while proximal venous anastomosis between the internal spermatic vein and the deep iliac circumflex vein was performed on patient P. Follow-up examination showed positive results of surgical treatment. According to post-surgery ultrasound, patients did not have dilated veins in scrotum and pathological reflux. They had normalization of venous pressure in the left renal vein and resolution of nephropathy symptoms. A year after the surgery, patient O’s level of urine albumin decreased from 40.0 mg/L to 5.0 mg/L, and the level of cystatin C in his blood plasma decreased from 1.55 mg/L to 0.89 mg/L. Three months after the surgery, patient P’s level of urine albumin decreased from 133.3 mg/L to 20.0 mg/L, and the level of cystatin C in his blood plasma decreased from 1.37 mg/L to 0.74 mg/L. Thus, the formation of a renocaval venous shunt proves to be pathogenetically substantiated for patients with renospermatic varicocele and left kidney venous hypertension. The most optimal methods for performing a bypass venous shunt are the microsurgical formation of a testicular-inferior-epigastric venous anastomosis or anastomosis between the internal spermatic vein and the deep iliac circumflex vein. These surgical interventions help to reduce elevated pressure in the left renal venous basin and prevent the progression of hypertensive nephropathy, while microsurgical ligation of venous spermatic trunks helps to prevent recurrence of varicocele.

MASTER-CLASS

Successful single-stage embolization of the source of lymphorrhea from the thoracic duct and balloonplasty of its ostium in a patient with fontan circulation
P. F. Chernoglaz

The article presents the first case of simultaneous embolization of the source of lymphorrhea from the thoracic duct and balloon plasty of its ostium for the treatment of plastic bronchitis in a patient with Fontan circulation in the Republic of Belarus.
The main complications of the lymphatic system in patients with Fontan circulation, including plastic bronchitis (PB), protein-losing enteropathy (PLE) and chylothorax (CT), cause high morbidity and mortality in this group of patients, the therapeutic options for such patients have remained limited for many years. The techniques developed in recent years, such as transnodal lymphangiography, dynamic contrast magnetic resonance lymphangiography, transhepatic lymphography, have allowed us to obtain good visualization of the lymphatic system and identify the main pathophysiological mechanisms leading to disruption of normal lymphatic circulation. These mechanisms include 2 factors: an increased flow of lymphatic fluid due to elevated venous pressure and the presence of anatomical features of the development of lymphatic vessels in which they are located extremely close to the serous (pleural cavity in chylothorax) or mucosal (plastic bronchitis and protein-losing enteropathy) layers. New minimally invasive interventional techniques such as thoracic duct embolization, interstitial embolization and embolization of the hepatic lymphatic vessels allow blocking abnormal lymphatic vessels, which leads to the elimination of symptoms. Single-stage embolization of the source of lymph leakage and improvement of venous outflow during balloon angioplasty of the ostium of the thoracic duct (TD) potentially improve the immediate and long-term outcome of treatment.

ORIGINAL SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH

«IABP or not IABP?» – that is the question. Predicting the optimal method of mechanical circulatory support in patients with postcardiotomy shock
R. Yarosh, L. Shestakova, Y. Ostrovsky

Aim. To determine the criteria for selecting the optimal method of mechanical circulatory support (MCS): intra-aortic balloon pump (IABP) or extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO), needed for patients with post-cardiotomy shock.
Methods. A retrospective study was conducted at the Republican Scientific and Practical Center “Cardiology” for the period 2012–2020. Inclusion criteria for the study were patients aged 18-80 years who underwent heart surgery under cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB), and who have intraoperatively developed postcardiotomy shock refractory to drug therapy. As it was impossible to disconnect the patient from CPB, the use of mechanical circulatory support (MCS) was required. The patients selected were those who underwent ECMO (n = 28) and were successfully discharged from the hospital. Using the pseudorandomization method based on “the nearest neighbour” algorithm (kNN – Nearest Neighbours), in a 1:1 ratio the surviving patients with IABP (n = 28) were selected. Thus, 56 patients were included in the study. Based on the analysis of logistic regression, the criteria for choosing the optimal MCS method were determined. The intensity of inotropic and vasopressor therapy was determined in points (Vasoactive Inotrope Score), based on the following formula: VIS (points) = dobutamine (mcg/kg/min) + dopamine (mcg/kg/min) + 100 × norepinephrine (mcg/kg/min) + 100 × epinephrine (mcg/kg/min) + 10 × milrinone (mcg/kg/min) + 10,000 × vasopressin (units/kg/min) + 50 × levosimendan (mcg/kg/min) [1].
Results. The criteria determining the need for ECMO were defined: clinical presentation of pulmonary edema OR = 23,4 [95% CI 4,52 – 119,7], p = 0.001; arterial blood lactate > 4 mmol/L (Sn = 68%, Sp = 68%), OR = 7,7 [95% CI 2,32 – 25,74], p = 0.001; pH < 7,34 (Sn = 66,3%, Sp = 66,4%), OR = 3,8 [95% CI 1,25 – 11,55], р = 0,031; ВЕ > –4,3 (Sn = 75%, Sp = 70,4%), OR= 7,15 [95% CI 2,16 – 23,42], р = 0,001; vasoactive and inotropic support more than 35 points (Sn = 57,1%, Sp = 75%), OR = 4,45 [95% CI 1,45 – 13,68], p = 0,015. A prognostic model was developed to determine the optimal MCS based on arterial blood saturation, blood lactate values, the duration of CPB, and the values of vasoactive and inotropic support.
Conclusion. Postcardiotomy shock is a severe complication in cardiac surgery characterized by high in-hospital mortality due to the development of multiple organ failure syndrome. The use of inotropic and vasopressor drugs leads to temporary hemodynamic improvement. Increasing vasoactive support causes lactate acidosis, which entails a weakening of the catecholamines effectiveness and leads to greater escalation of pharmacological support. Timely connection of the necessary MCS option based on the developed model will make it possible to efficiently use the resources of cardiac surgery centers, reduce the incidence of multiple organ failure and in-hospital mortality.

Night eating syndrome in individuals with binge eating disorder: role in the development of obesity and cardiometabolic complications
S. N. Shubina

The aim of the study was to determine the differences in pathopsychological characteristics and anthropometric indicators in the presence of night eating syndrome (NES) in individuals with compulsive overeating, or binge eating, and obesity, which will further help to develop and improve differential diagnostic parameters for assessing the severity of mental and somatic conditions.
Materials and methods. The pathopsychological characteristics of respondents with compulsive overeating and obesity (151 people) were studied: (1) female patients suffering from compulsive overeating and obesity with night eating syndrome (30 people), (2) male patients suffering from compulsive overeating and obesity with night eating syndrome (21 people), (3) female patients suffering from compulsive overeating and obesity without night eating syndrome (56 people), (4) male patients suffering from compulsive overeating and obesity without night eating syndrome (44 people). The examination included a complex of anamnestic, anthropometric and pathopsychological methods. Statistical processing of the obtained results was carried out using the software packages Statistica 10.0, SPSS 22.0.
Results. Qualitative and quantitative differences in the parameters of pathopsychological and anthropometric profiles were established in the presence of night eating syndrome in the clinical picture of respondents with compulsive overeating and obesity. Moreover, significantly greater impairments in executive functions were determined in female and male patients with night eating syndrome in the presence of compulsive overeating and obesity.
Conclusion. Evaluation of the presence of night eating syndrome in individuals with compulsive overeating and obesity makes it possible to predict the deterioration of neurocognitive parameters (in terms of executive functions) and anthropometric indicators, which will subsequently help to provide the necessary primary treatment and rehabilitation care to such patients, as well as to carry out timely prevention of severe complications of eating disorders, in particular, obesity.

Virtual stenting as a method for optimizing right ventricular outflow tract stenting prior to radical correction of tetralogy of fallot in children
P. Charnahla, P. Marakhovskaya, Yu. Linnik, K. Drozdovski

Objective. To evaluate the efficacy of right ventricular outflow tract (RVOT) stenting using virtual stenting (VS) technology in children with tetralogy of Fallot and Fallot-type congenital heart defects (CHD).
Materials and methods. We analyzed 22 cases of RVOT stenting in patients aged 2.36 [0.73–3.07] months (2018–2024). In 8 cases, stenting planning was performed using CT angiography and VS technology.
Results. The procedural success rate was 95%. Oxygen saturation increased from 80 [71–88]% to 95 [92–98]% (p < 0.001), and the systolic pressure gradient (SPG) decreased from 70 [41–80] mmHg to 30 [21–39] mmHg. VS implementation improved stent positioning accuracy to 95% (vs 78% without VS) and reduced reinterventions (1 vs 4 cases).
Conclusion. RVOT stenting using virtual modeling technology demonstrates high clinical efficacy, significantly improving oxygenation and hemodynamic parameters while reducing the need for repeat interventions.

Mental and non-mental disorders in circadian eating disorders
I. A. Khrushch, S. N. Shubina, T. Y. Krinchik, A. F. Krot, E. A. Shuba

The aim of the study was to determine mental and non-mental disorders in individuals with circadian eating disorders, in particular, in the presence of night eating syndrome (NES) in patients with compulsive overeating (binge eating) and nervous bulimia (1-year observation), which in the future will help to develop and improve modern methods of treating for these nosologies and their complications enhancing medical and social prognoses.
Materials and methods. Concomitant mental and non-mental nosologies were studied in the presence of night eating syndrome in individ uals with compulsive overeating and in individuals with nervous bulimia (71 people): (1) female patients suffering from compulsive overeating with NES (30 people), (2) male patients suffering from compulsive overeating with NES (21 people), (3) female patients suffering from nervous bulimia with NES (20). The examination included a set of anamnestic, anthropometric and pathopsychological methods. Statistical processing of the obtained results was carried out using the software packages Statistica 10.0, SPSS 22.0.
Results. Concomitant mental and non-mental disorders were found in individuals with compulsive overeating and nervous bulimia in the presence of circadian eating disorders during their dynamic assessment over 1 year. Moreover, comorbid mental disorders were significantly more often identified in female respondents with nervous bulimia; comorbid non-mental disorders were significantly more often identified in male respondents with NES in the presence of compulsive overeating.
Conclusion. Evaluation of the presence of circadian eating disorders in individuals with compulsive overeating and nervous bulimia makes it possible to predict the detection of concomitant mental and non-mental disorders within 1 year, which will subsequently help to provide timely prevention and treatment of severe disabling diseases and complications of these nosologies.

Chronic systemic inflammation as a risk factor for hypertension in patients with ankylosing spondylitis
Yu. Skobova, T. Aksenova, V. Gorbunov, S. Tsarenok

Aim. To study cardiovascular risk factors in patients with ankylosing spondylitis and to evaluate the role of active systemic inflammation in the development of hypertension in this group of patients.
Methods. The study included 202 patients divided into 4 groups (Group 1: 28 people with hypertension who were not diagnosed with ankylosing spondylitis, Group 2: 60 patients with ankylosing spondylitis without hypertension, Group 3: 45 patients with ankylosing spondylitis and hypertension, Control Group 4: 69 people). The studies performed included physical examination with assessment of BASDAI, ASDAS-CRP, BASFI, MASES indices, biochemical blood analysis with determination of C-reactive protein, daily monitoring of blood pressure.
Results. The ASDAS-CRP index (p = 0.04) and the duration of spondylitis (p = 0.021) are higher in the group of patients with ankylosing spondylitis and arterial hypertension than in the group of patients with eutonic spondylitis. In the group of patients with spondylitis and arterial hypertension, a very high degree of disease activity is common, 42.2% versus 16.7% in the group of eutonic patients with ankylosing spondylitis (p = 0.006). The resting heart rate was found to be higher in patients with ankylosing spondylitis with hypertension, in contrast to the control group (p = 0.001) and the group of patients with spondylitis without hypertension (p = 0.009). Besides, cholesterol levels are higher in the group of patients with ankylosing spondylitis with hypertension compared with the control group (p = 0.015). It should be noted that in the group of patients with ankylosing spondylitis and arterial hypertension and in the group of eutonic patients with spondylitis, there were no statistical differences in the intake of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs.
Conclusion. Thus, our study confirms that one of the pathogenic factors in the development of arterial hypertension in patients with ankylosing spondylitis is a long-term systemic inflammatory process. In this regard, the level of C-reactive can be considered as an additional predictor of the development of hypertension in this group of patients.

Analysis of frequency and localization of lower limb amputations in patients with diabetes mellitus
I. S. Рukita, Н. A. Bliznets, I. A. Hadji-Ismail, V. M. Shyshko

In recent years, the global prevalence of diabetes mellitus has significantly increased, leading to a rise in life-threatening complications and healthcare costs associated with poorly controlled disease. Among the most severe outcomes are lower limb amputations, which are independent risk factors for premature mortality and often result in repeat amputations. However, the risk of amputations can be reduced significantly through improved care, monitoring, and the promotion of healthy lifestyles. Numerous studies indicate that a multidisciplinary prevention and treatment program for diabetic foot ulcers can substantially lower the overall amputation rate in patients with diabetes.
This study evaluates the frequency and localization of diabetes-related lower limb amputations in Minsk over a 12-year period (2012–2023). A total of 1,440 cases were analyzed using data provided by the Minsk City Clinical Endocrinology Center. The data included patient demographics, diabetes type and duration, amputation level, and diagnostic and treatment details. A significant reduction in high-level amputations and an increase in minor amputations were observed, which may reflect improved healthcare quality. However, amputations remain a serious challenge for healthcare systems. Type 1 diabetes patients had higher amputation rates than those with Type 2 diabetes, likely due to earlier disease onset and longer exposure to hyperglycemia. Femoral amputations were more frequent in elderly patients with severe comorbidities. The study highlights low consultation rates with specialized diabetic foot care teams and vascular surgeons, with insufficient vascular assessments performed prior to amputations. Peripheral arterial disease progresses more rapidly in diabetic patients, necessitating early diagnosis and intervention to prevent severe complications. Findings suggest that developing specialized clinical guidelines and optimizing patient care pathways can enhance the prevention of lower limb complications and improve access to early diagnostic and therapeutic interventions, ultimately reducing high-level amputation rates and improving patient outcomes.

Surgical treatment options in patients with varicose veins accompanied by trophic disorders
Yu. S. Nebylitsin, V. Ya. Khryshchanovich, N. A. Rogovoy, I. P. Klimchuk, E. V. Nelipovich

The aim of the study was to evaluate the treatment outcomes of patients with varicose veins clinical classes C4-C6 by CEAP.
Material and methods. The study included 380 patients with varicose veins of the lower extremities complicated by trophic disorders. All patients underwent surgical intervention in combination with medication therapy. Laboratory and instrumental methods of examinations, including Doppler Ultrasound examination and Duplex Angiography, were used.
Results. Our research proved that surgical interventions on the patients with varicose veins complicated by trophic disorders should be based on individual and comprehensive approach, and should be aimed at eliminating the underlying hemodynamic disorders and relieving clinical symptoms and arresting trophic disorders.
Conclusion. While choosing treatment options for patients with varicose veins complicated by trophic disorders, it is necessary to assess the patient’s condition (concomitant pathology), the presence of a trophic ulcer and its characteristics (phase of inflammation, area, persistence period). Surgical treatment methods should be necessitated pathogenically, aiming at eliminating the pathological reflux with minimal tissue damage.

Clinical and laboratory features and risk factors for cardiovascular diseases in young patients with permanent ventricular pacing
A. Harypau, I. Patsiayuk, Е. Korsakova, L. Shylova, Y. Kotov, N. Kuharchyuk, N. Holod, K. Drozdovsky

Aim. To study clinical and laboratory features and risk factors for the development of cardiovascular diseases (CVD) in young patients with permanent ventricular pacing, including those with postoperative atrioventricular block (AV block).
Materials and methods. The study included 60 young patients (35 men and 25 women) with pacemakers implanted for AV block that developed in childhood. The reasons for pacemaker implantation in patients were postoperative AV block that developed after surgical correction of congenital heart disease (30 patients, group 1 PM+CHD+) and non-surgical (post-infectious, congenital) AV block (30 patients, group 2 PM+CHD-). The age at the time of the study in the groups was 21.7 (19.2; 23.3) years in group 1 and 22.7 (20.1; 24.7) years in group 2 (p = 0.138), respectively. The duration of cardiac pacing in the study groups was 15.6 (13.1; 18.0) years and 15.7 (13.9; 18.5) years (p = 0.889), respectively. All patients had dual-chamber pacemakers implanted at the time of examination; the percentage of ventricular pacing was 100 (99.9; 100)% and 100 (100; 100)% (p = 0.719), respectively.
Results. The integral level of N-terminal brain natriuretic propeptide (NT-proBNP) in the groups was significantly different and amounted to 81.2 (58.9; 189.9) pg/ml in group 1 and 30.7 (12.0; 63.7) pg/ml in group 2, respectively (p = 0.000). Arterial hypertension was detected in 10% of patients; smoking and family history – in 16%; overweight and obesity – in 23% of patients; elevated glucose levels (≥ 5.6 mmol/l) – in 28% of individuals. Dyslipidemia was detected in 37% of patients. Elevated levels of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and triglycerols (TG) were detected in 40% of the subjects. In patients with complete AV block that occurred after surgical correction of CHD, lower total cholesterol (OH) levels were found in comparison with patients in group 2 – 3.7 (3.2; 4.3) mmol/l and 4.5 (3.8; 5.0) mmol/l (p = 0.003), respectively; LDL-C – 2.0 (1.7; 2.5) mmol/l and 2.6 (2.1; 3.2) mmol/l (p = 0.006), respectively; cholesterol not bound to high-density lipoproteins (nonHDL-C) –2.2 (1.8; 2.8) mmol/l and 2.9 (2.4; 3.4) mmol/l (p = 0.010), respectively.
Conclusion. In young patients with prolonged ventricular pacing, dyslipidemia was detected in 37% of individuals, with two or more of its components identified in more than half of the cases. In young patients with prolonged ventricular pacing after surgical treatment of CHD, significantly lower levels of TC, LDL-C, and nonHDL-C were found in comparison with those with non-surgical AV block. A decrease in lipid levels can have a negative effect on the energy metabolism of cardiomyocytes, potentially contributing to the development of cardiac dysfunction and being a risk factor for heart failure in adult patients with CHD. In young patients with prolonged ventricular pacing after surgical treatment of CHD, the level of NT-proBNP was 81.2 (58.9; 189.9) pg/ml, significantly exceeding the value of the indicator in the group of people with non-surgical AV block (30.7 (12.0; 63.7) pg/ml, р = 0.000). The proportion of people with an NT-proBNP value ≥ 125 pg/ml (the generally accepted diagnostic criterion for heart failure) was 40% in the group of patients after surgical treatment of CHD (in the group with non-surgical AV block, the level of NT-proBNP did not exceed the reference values, p = 0.0001).

Vacuum therapy in the treatment of trophic ulcers in diabetic foot syndrome in outpatient settings
Н. A. Bliznets, I. A. Hadji-Ismail, I. S. Рukita, V. M. Shyshko

This study assessed the effectiveness of negative pressure therapy (vacuum therapy) for the treatment of trophic ulcers in patients with diabetic foot syndrome in outpatient settings. The vacuum therapy method we proposed showed a significant reduction in bacterial load in the wounds of patients in the primary group (from 10⁶ to 10³ CFU/ml), whereas no significant reduction in bacterial load was observed in the control group. An analysis of the microbial landscape of the wounds demonstrated a decrease in the prevalence of pathogens such as Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis following therapy. These results confirm the effectiveness of vacuum therapy in improving the microbial environment of the wound, thereby promoting faster healing. However, certain limitations were identified: the use of a manual vacuum pump required the continuous presence of an assistant, which reduces the convenience of the method in everyday clinical practice. Despite this, the proposed approach demonstrated its cost-effectiveness and high potential for application in outpatient settings.

Sarcopenic obesity in patients with arterial hypertension and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease: focus on inflammation. Part 1
K. Yu. Antyukh, E. A. Grigorenko, N. A. Vasilyeva, N. V. Semenova, M. G. Kolyadko, T. T. Gevorkyan, T. V. Kurushko, A. F. Sheptulina, O. M. Drapkina, N. P. Mitkovskaya

Purpose. The purpose of the study was to evaluate the nonspecific inflammatory markers in patients with arterial hypertension (AH) and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) depending on the presence of sarcopenic obesity.
Materials and methods. The study included 133 patients of both sexes with AH grade I-II and MASLD, divided into two groups depending on the presence/absence of sarcopenic obesity: group 1 (main) – patients with AH, MASLD, and sarcopenic obesity (n = 34, 25.6%), average age 51.8 ± 6.88 years; group 2 (control) – patients with AH, MASLD without sarcopenic obesity (n = 99, 74.4%), average age 46.4 ± 8.13 years.
Sarcopenic obesity was diagnosed based on the criteria of the European Society for Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism and the European Association for the Study of Obesity. The concentration of inflammatory markers (interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α)) in the blood serum was assessed by enzyme immunoassay, and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) by biochemical analysis. Statistical analysis of the obtained data was performed using the SPSS 27.0 statistical software package (IBM, USA). The obtained data were interpreted as reliable, and differences between the indicators were considered significant at p < 0.05.
Results. Patients with sarcopenic obesity had higher hs-CRP values (2.64 (1.37 – 4.18) mg/L vs. 1.76 (0.90–2.87) mg/L, p = 0.033) compared to individuals without obesity. The IL-6 values (2.56 (1.46–3.64) pg/mL vs. 2.07 (1.26 – 3.62) pg/mL, p = 0.142) and TNF-α (1.13 (0.75 – 3.09) pg/mL vs. 0.50 (0.07 – 3.77) pg/mL, p = 0.227) did not differ significantly between the groups. Correlation analysis revealed multiple associations between inflammatory markers, body composition, muscle strength, and function, with the highest degree of association found with hs-CRP levels.
Conclusion. The results of the study indicate that the presence of sarcopenic obesity in patients with AH and MASLD is associated with an increased level of hs-CRP in the blood serum.
The second part of the article will present data on the influence of inflammation markers and proinflammatory cytokines on cardiometabolic risks in patients with sarcopenic obesity, AH, and MASLD, and will describe the mechanisms of increasing the risk of metabolic dysfunction associated with liver steatosis and AH, as a key link in the pathophysiology of comorbidity in this category of patients.

REVIEWS OF THE LECTURES

Senile asthenia (frailty) syndrome as a predictor of poor prognosis for patients with cardiovascular diseases
I. V. Patsiayuk, L. A. Zhylevich, V. L. Lobashova, A. V. Murina

Demographic trends in the Republic of Belarus lead to an increase in the number of people with polymorbid pathology, where cardiovascular diseases play a leading role.
The high prevalence of cardiovascular pathology and its frequent pathogenetic relationship with various comorbid diseases and conditions lead to an increase in the number of patients with various combined pathologies that are difficult to manage in a physician’s practice.
The main problems in the management of this category of patients are: an increase in the duration of hospitalization, the complexity of selecting drug therapy and conducting rehabilitation measures in full due to the presence of cardiovascular risk, an increase in the percentage of adverse events and/or complications throughout the treatment.
These diseases are risk factors not only for mortality, but also for the risk of developing senile asthenia or frailty syndrome. Therefore, it is very important to assess the nature of the relationship between frailty and cardiovascular diseases.

Pharmacogenetics – molecular basis for effective and safe drug therapy
S. Kostiuk

The article provides information on a new branch of science – pharmacogenetics and pharmacogenetic phenomena that determine individual reactions to drugs depending on hereditarily determined features of biotransformation, interaction with receptor formations, enzyme systems, and practical possibilities for predicting individual effects. Mechanisms of drug interaction with the human body, genetically determined individual differences in drug effects should be considered as a regular pattern, since all pharmacodynamic processes, pharmacokinetics, and drug metabolism are mediated by protein formations, receptors, ion channels associated with them, carriers, enzymes of synthesis and metabolism of endogenous receptor ligands, various modulators, including peptide ones, and enzymes that metabolize drugs. These mechanisms are DNA-dependent, which determines their individuality, thus the response to the action of a drug is determined by a combination of genetic and external environmental factors, but at the same time, acquired properties modify genetically dependent mechanisms. The role of genetic and environmental factors for each patient must be determined individually.It is important to know the hereditary mechanisms of formation of individual reactions to drugs.

Gravity therapy in medical practice
A. Birulya, E. Petrova, L. Malkevich, N. Mitkovskaya

The experience gained in the development of aerospace medicine as well as the study of the influence of weightlessness on the physiological processes occurring in the human body, made it possible to use gravity therapy in medical practice. Gravity therapy is understood as the use of attractive forces between physical bodies, taking into account the vector of action of these forces, depending on the position of the body, for the treatment of patients. Gravitational therapy methods may involve the use of artificial gravity values that exceed those of the earth (in this case, we are talking about the therapeutic effect of increased gravity (hypergravity) and those that are less significant (hypogravity).
This article describes the history of the most common methods of gravity therapy, areas of their application and mechanisms of influence on pathological processes. Also described the methods of gravitational influence available in the Republic of Belarus.

Headings

CLINICAL CASE

FUNDAMENTAL STUDIES

MASTER-CLASS

ORIGINAL SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH

REVIEWS OF THE LECTURES

Guidelines for Authors

The presented requirements for scientific articles are based on the 'Uniform Requirements for Manuscripts Submitted to Biomedical Journals' of the International Committee of Medical Journal Editors.

I. Recommendations to the author before submitting an article

Articles that meet the following criteria may be submitted for consideration:

The article has not been previously published in another journal
The article is not under consideration in another journal
All co-authors agree with the publication of the current version of the article
The article meets the basic requirements for publication in the journal “Neotlozhnaya kardiologiya i kardiovaskulyarnye riski” (“Emergency Cardiology and Cardiovascular Risks”)

The journal “Neotlozhnaya kardiologiya i kardiovaskulyarnye riski” (“Emergency Cardiology and Cardiovascular Risks”) accepts the following types of articles: original articles, reviews, interesting case reports, teaching articles and other.

Authors are encouraged to use the following checklists and charts developed by international health organizations (EQUATOR, Enhancing the Quality and Transparency of Health Research) when preparing original articles and other materials: “CONSORT 2010 checklist of information to include when reporting a randomizes trial”, “The Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) Statement: guidelines for reporting observational studies”, “PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses)”, “The CARE Guidelines: Consensus-based Clinical Case Reporting Guideline Development”, “SRQR (Standards for reporting qualitative research)”, “STARD 2015: An Updated List of Essential Items for Reporting Diagnostic Accuracy Studies”.

Before submitting the article for consideration, make sure that the file(s) contains all the necessary information, the sources of the information in the figures and tables are indicated, all citations are properly formatted.

II. Submitting of an article

One сору of the manuscript and signed accompanying documents (letters from the institution with the head's approval, cover letter) should be sent to the editorial board by mail. It is obligatory to send an electronic version of the article, graphic materials and digital copies (scans) of accompanying documents to the e-mail address of the journal - emcardio@bsmu.by

Articles are accepted by the editorial board with a referral letter having the head's signature of the institution (see the example of the referral letter on the journal's website).

While submitting a manuscript to the editorial board of the journal the cover letter from authors must be included, where the following points should be reflected (see the example of a cover letter on the journal's website):

the initials and last names of the authors
the article title
information that the article has not been previously published or submitted to another journal for consideration and publication
the authors' commitment that if the article is accepted for publication, they will give the copyright to the publisher
a statement that there are no financial or other conflict of interest
evidence that the authors have not received any form of reward from manufacturing companies, including competitors that could influence the results of the work
information about the authors' participation in the creation of the article
information about the authors' participation in the creation of the article
signatures of all authors

Manuscripts that do not meet the requirements are not accepted by the editorial board and the authors are informed about this decision. Correspondence with authors is carried out only by e-mail

Materials for publication should be sent to:

The journal “Neotlozhnaya kardiologiya i kardiovaskulyarnye riski”, ul. Leningradskaya, 6, kabinet 2, Minsk, 220006, Republic of Belarus

E-mail: emcardio@bsmu.by

Website: emcardio.bsmu.by

Contact phone number: +375173285892

III. Requirements for the formatting of the article

The article must be created using the Microsoft Word text editor of any version and have the following formatting:

Width of the left/upper/bottom/right margin is 3 cm/2.5 cm/2.5 cm/1 cm.

Font– Times New Roman, 12 points.

Line spacing – 1,5.

Paragraph indent – 1.25 cm

Font color – black

Orientation - portrait

Hyphenation – none

Alignment – justify

Headings and subheadings are started on a new line and typed in bold with left alignment without dot at the end. 1,25 cm paragraph indentation is left before the headings. Other formatting is not allowed in the text of the article.

IV. Structure of the article

The article should have the following structure:

1. The initials and last names of the authors

2. Title of the article.

3. Full name of the institutions in which the authors work, indicating the city and country (superscript Arabic numerals indicate the correspondence of the institutions)

4. An abstract in English (1800 to 2500 characters with spaces for original articles, at least 1000 characters for reviews and case reports) should be a brief summary of a large scientific work. It can be published independently from the main text, therefore, it should be understandable without reference to the publication itself. In terms of structure, it is advisable to repeat the sections of the article (for an original articles: purpose, methods, results, conclusion). The text of the abstract should be concise and clear, free of secondary information, superfluous introductory words, and general formulations. The abstract should not contain references to literature. No abbreviations or acronyms other than the commonly used ones should be used. The results of the work are described very accurately and informative. The abstract should contain main theoretical and experimental results, actual data, the relationships and patterns that have been found. Preference is given to new results and data of long-term significance, important discoveries, conclusions that refute existing theories, as well as data that, in the opinion of the author, are of practical importance. Conclusions may be accompanied by recommendations, assessments, suggestions, hypotheses described in the article.

5. Keywords - a set of words that reflect the content of the text in terms of the object, scientific field and research methods; the recommended number of keywords - 5-10.

6. The main text of the article. Depending on the type of manuscript, the structure of the full text may vary. The volume of article including figures, tables, references and abstracts in original articles and case reports should not exceed 30 thousand characters with spaces, in reviews and teaching articles - 45 thousand characters with spaces. Word abbreviations are not allowed except for common abbreviations of chemical and mathematical quantities, measures, terms. The SI system should be used in the articles.

6.1 Original articles

Original articles contain the results of original research.

Introduction (no more than 2 pages). It should reveal the relevance of the problem that became the subject of the study including its scope (prevalence, morbidity, etc.), mediated effects (social, economic), and identify solved and unsolved aspects of the problem with an analysis of previously published data
Purpose of the study
Methods (the section should contain information about the study design, its term, the way of assessing the results of the study, testing the hypothesis of the study with a description of statistical methods and a package for processing the results)
Results (a detailed summary of the content and results of the study; if necessary, this section may be divided into subsections)
Discussion (the results should be discussed in regard of novelty and compared with known data)
Сonclusion (must be presented as a comprehensive text)
Source of funding ¹ (should specify the source of funding for the performed work)
Conflict of interest ² (the presence of obvious and potential conflicts of interest - conditions and facts that can affect the results of the study or their interpretation)
Acknowledgement ³

6.2 Review article

The purpose of a review article is to discuss the accumulated material and present the author's new view of previously described phenomena, rethinking, and searching for new approaches to their interpretation, rather than simply listing the facts and stating the current state of the issue.

Obligatory sections of a review article:

Introduction
Discussion (can be isolated in a separate section or run smoothly through the entire text)
Conclusion - (must be presented as a comprehensive text)
Source of funding ¹ (should specify the source of funding for the performed work)
Conflict of interest ² (the presence of obvious and potential conflicts of interest - conditions and facts that can affect the results of the study or their interpretation)
Acknowledgement ³

¹ - you should provide information about the sources of sponsorship in the form of grants, equipment, medicines.

² - “conflict of interest” refers to the conditions under which people have conflicting or competing interests that can influence an editorial decision. Conflicts of interest can be potential, perceived, and real. Personal, political, financial, scientific, or religious factors may affect objectivity. The author must notify the editor of a real or potential conflict of interest by including information about the conflict of interest in the appropriate section of the article. If there is no conflict of interest the author must also declare it. Sample wording: “The team of authors declares that there is no conflict of interest”.

³ - in the Acknowledgements section, acknowledgements are given to people who participated in the work on the article, but who are not the authors. Participation in the work on the article implies: recommendations to improve the research, providing space for research, departmental control, receiving financial support, single types of analysis, providing reagents/patients/animals/other materials for the research.

7. References (number of sources should be 25 or less for an original article and 50 or less for reviews) should be compiled according to the Harvard standard (Harvard reference system). Citations in text should be indicated by a number in square brackets (e.g., [1]). References to unpublished works are not allowed. References on sources in Russian should have following structure: authors (transliteration), title of the article in transliterated version [translation of article title into English in square brackets], title of the Russian-language source (transliteration) [translation of source title into English], output data with designations in English. Transliteration of Russian-language titles is performed according to the BSI standard. Examples of formatting of the reference list are listed below.

References to books:

Rips L.J. Lines of thought: central concepts in cognitive psychology. Oxford : Oxford Univ. Press, 2011. 441 p.
de Benoist B. et al., eds. Worldwide prevalence of anaemia 1993-2005. WHO Global Database on Anaemia Geneva, World Health Organization, 2008.
Sorokina T.S. Istoriya meditsinyi [History of medicine]. M.: Academia, 2008, 560 p. (in Russian).
Izvekov V.I., Serikhin N.A., Abramov A.I. Proektirovanie turbogeneratorov [Design of Turbo-generators]. Moscow, MEI Publ., 2005, 440 p. (in Russian).

References to journal articles:

George G.W. Vetrovec Hemodynamic Support Devices for Shock and High-Risk PCI:When and Which One. Curr Cardiol Rep. 2017, vol. 19 no.10, pp. 100. doi: 10.1007/s11886-017-0905-3.
von Drygalski A., Adamson J.W. Ironing out fatigue. Blood, 2011, vol. 118, pp. 3191-3192.
Huo T.I., Lin H.C., Lee S.D. Model for end-stage liver disease and organ allocation in liver transplantation: where are we and where should we go? J Chin Med Assoc, 2006, vol. 69, no. 5, pp. 193-198.
Cholongitas E., Marelli L., Shusang V., Senzolo M., Rolles K., Patch D., Burroughs A.K. A systematic review of the performance of the model for end-stage liver disease (MELD) in the setting of liver transplantation. Liver Transpl, 2006, vol. 12, no. 7, pp. 1049-1061.
Ibanez B., James S., Agewall S., Antunes M.J., Bucciarelli-Ducci C., Bueno H., Caforio A.L.P., Crea F., Goudevenos J.A., Halvorsen S., Hindricks G., Kastrati A., Lenzen M.J., Prescott E., Roffi M., Valgimigli M., Varenhorst C., Vranckx P., Widimský P. 2017 ESC Guidelines for the management of acute myocardial infarction in patients presenting with ST-segment elevation: The Task Force for the management of acute myocardial infarction in patients presenting with ST-segment elevation of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC). Eur Heart J, 2017, vol. 26. doi: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehx393.
Belov Yu.V., Varaksin V.A. Strukturno-geometricheskie izmeneniya miokarda i osobennosti zentral'noy gemodinamiki pri postinfarktnom remodelirovanii levogo zheludochka [Structural and geometric changes in the myocardium and features of central hemodynamics in postinfarction remodeling of the left ventricle]. Kardiologiya. 2003, vol. 43, no. 1, pp. 19-23. (in Russian).
Mit'kovskaya N.P., Toropilov D.M. Kardiorenal'nyy sindrom pri ostroy ishemicheskoy bolezni serdza [Cardiorenal syndrome in acute coronary heart disease]. Med. zhurnal, 2009, no. 1, pp. 19-23. (in Russian).
Mitkovskaya N., Rummo O., Grigorenko E. Stratifikaziya riska vnezapnoy serdechnoy smerti u rezipientov transplantatov pecheni i pochek [Stratification of the risk of sudden cardiac death in recipients of liver and kidney transplants]. Kardiologiya v Belarusi, 2014, vol. 3, pp. 27-33. (in Russian).

References to articles from collection of articles:

Pavlyukovskaya E.G. Primenenie pribora spektrofotometr v stomatologicheskoy praktike [Application of the device spectrophotometer in dental practice]. Ctudenty i molodye uchyenye belorusskogo gosudarstvennogo medizinskogo universiteta - medizinskoy nauke i zdravoochraneniyu Respubliki Belarus : sb. nauch. tr. studentov i molodych uchyenych pod red. A. V. Sikorskogo, O. K. Doroninoy. Minsk : BGMU, 2016, pp. 317-320. (in Russian).

Reference to a thesis or dissertation

Ponomareva M.N. Diagnostika i medikamentoznaya korrekziya narusheniy gemodinamiki pri ishemicheskoy neyropatii zritel'nogo nerva u bol'nych s serdechno-sosudistymi zabolevaniyami [Diagnosis and drug correction of hemodynamic disorders in ischemic neuropathy of the optic nerve in patients with cardiovascular diseases] : Diss. dokt. med. nauk : 14.01.07. M., 2010, 235 s. (in Russian).

Reference to patents

Chichkin D.N, Ulaschik V.S., Mit'kovskaya N.P., Mucharskaya Yu.A., Kul'chizkiy V.A. Sposob lecheniya revmatoidnogo artrita [A method of treating rheumatoid arthritis]. Patent BY no 10617, 2006. (in Russian).

V. Information about the authors

The section is provided at the end of the article and should contain the following information:

full name, academic title, degree, position, place of employment
working address, and contacts (e-mail, phone numbers, ORCID)

VI. Guidelines on Formatting Tables

All tables should have a numbered header and clearly marked columns that are easy to read and understand. Table data should correspond to the data in the text but should not duplicate the information presented in it. References to tables in the text are obligatory.

Tables are numbered by arabic numerals in the order of the text. If there is only one table in the text then it is not numbered. The title of the table includes the table number and its name. Alignment of the title – “Left Align”. Title formatting example: Table 1. Scale of risk factors. No dot after the title is required.

Notes to the table are in the same font style and size as the main text (Times New Roman, 12 points), Alignment – “Justify”. Note is placed under the table and must contain the explanation of used abbreviations and other information which is necessary for the interpretation of the data presented in the table.

VII. Guidelines on Formatting Figures

Each figure must be accompanied by a numbered title. References to figures in the text are mandatory.

Figures are numbered by arabic numerals in the order of the text. If there is only one figure in the text then it is not numbered. The title includes the number and the name of the figure. Alignment of the title – “Center Align”. Title formatting example: 'Figure 1. Normal electrocardiogram'. No dot after the figure title is required. A note to the figure should be in the same font style and size as the main text (Times New Roman, 12 points), Alignment – “Justify”, placed under the figure title and must contain the explanation of used abbreviations and other information which is necessary for the interpretation of the data presented in the figures.

Illustrations (graphs, diagrams, schemes, drawings) drawn with MS Office tools should be contrast and clear. Illustrations should be made in a separate file and saved as an image (in *.jpeg, *.bmp, *.gif format), and then placed in the manuscript file as a fixed figure. It is unacceptable to put any elements (arrows, captions) over the figure inserted in the manuscript file by means of MS WORD due to the great risk of their loss at the stages of editing and layout.

Photographs, screenshots, and other non-drawn illustrations should not only be inserted in the text of the manuscript but also uploaded separately as *.jpeg, *.bmp, *.gif files (*.doc and *.docx - in case additional marks are put on the image). The resolution of the image should be >300 dpi. The image files should be given a name corresponding to the number of the figure in the text.

Checklist for Preparing Material for Submission

Authors must acknowledge the following items to submit an article. The manuscript may be returned to the authors if it does not match them:

The article has not been previously published nor it has been submitted for review and publication in another journal.
The file of the submitted article is in Microsoft Word document format with figures and tables placed in the text after the references to them, i.e., all the information is submitted in one file.
Full web addresses (URLs) for references are given where it is possible.
The text is typed with the following parameters: font style – Times New Roman, font size – 12 points, line spacing 1,5, paragraph indent 12,5 mm, no word hyphenation. Margins: upper and bottom - 25 mm, left - 30 mm, right - 10 mm. All pages must be numbered; all illustrations, graphs and tables are placed in appropriate places in the text, not at the end of the document.
The text complies with the stylistic and bibliographic requirements described in the 'Rules for Authors'.

The order of reviewing article manuscripts submitted to the scientific and practical peer-reviewed journal “Emergency Cardiology and Cardiovascular Risks”

Manuscripts of all scientific articles submitted to the editors are subject to mandatory review by two independent experts. Review is carried out by the scientists who are recognized experts in the field of reviewed materials and work in the field of knowledge to which the content of the manuscript belongs and who have had publications on the subject of the article under review over the last three years.

The author, supervisor of a scientific degree scholar or coauthors of the reviewed work cannot be reviewers. The review of a scientific article is issued in accordance with the Memo to the reviewer of scientific articles and materials submitted to the journal “Emergency Cardiology and Cardiovascular Risks”.

Manuscripts are not considered for publication in case they do not meet the “Rules for Authors” which are published for convenience in the journal and its electronic version.

The editor informs the author about the review result by providing a copy of the review. The review contains recommendations for publication, correction and improvement of the article or a reasonable refusal. The author of the manuscript may take into account the recommendations when preparing a new version of the article or reasonably refute them. Articles refined by the author are resubmitted for review by a reviewer who made critical comments. The incoming date is considered to be the date of the refined article submission. If the author disagrees with the reviewer's comments, he may apply for a second review engaging a third expert or withdraw the article.

Articles and article reviews are discussed at the meeting of the editorial board, which serves as a basis to accept or reject an article. The decision of the editorial board is registered in by the protocol.

The order and priority of publications are determined depending on the volume of published materials and the list of subdivisions in a particular issue.

The editorial board does not guarantee the publication of all submitted materials. The article will not be accepted for consideration if it has been published or sent to other journals, the authors have not provided their complete personal data or the article does not meet the “Rules for Authors”. The editors reserve the right to edit the article without notifying the authors.

The final decision on the expediency of publications after their reviewing is made by the editorial board.

Articles not allowed for publication:

manuscripts which are not related to the scientific area of the journal;
manuscripts which do not meet the design requirements and their authors refuse to make their technical refinement;
manuscripts, the authors of which did not change the article according to the constructive requirements of the reviewer;

manuscripts, representing significant plagiarism due to copying data or conclusions from another author’s research without proper citation/reference (according to the recommendations of the World Association of Medical Editors (WAME) and COPE (Committee on Publication Ethics)); resubmission of the publication under the name of another author (in the original language or in translation); verbatim copying of more than 100 words from another (including his own) publication in the absence of a properly arranged quotation; unpublished borrowings of previously published ideas or hypotheses of other authors, and/or those that have not been tested by the “Anti-plagiarism” Automatic Text Checking System for borrowing from publicly available information sources.

If plagiarism is suspected:

the editorial board informs the experts and the author(s) of the material in writing about the initiation of the editorial investigation and its expected timeframe (2 months). Based on the results of the editorial investigation, a written statement is drawn up (stored in the editorial office), copies of which are provided to the person who discovered the fact of plagiarism and the author(s) about the decision made and the undertaken actions.

In case of insignificant plagiarism the editors of the journal must notify the author about the fact of plagiarism and obtain written explanations. If a violation by the author is qualified as unintentional, confine to a reprimand and sending a message about the inappropriateness of repeated cases. A revised manuscript with references to all original sources of borrowing may be published.

Manuscripts and electronic versions of both published and unpublished materials are not returned.

Reviews are kept in the editorial office for five years.

About Us

ISSN 2616-633X

Publishing semi-annual
Articles in Russian. Summaries in English

Address:

Dzerzhinski Ave., 83, Minsk, Republic of Belarus, 220116
Tel: +375 17 277-12-01.
Fax: +375 17 277-12-02
E-mail: emcardio@bsmu.by
Web-site: https://emcardio.bsmu.by

Editor-in-chief: Prof. Natalya P. Mitkovskaya, MD, PhD. Educational Institution «Belarusian State Medical University», Minsk, Belarus

Executive Secretary: Ekaterina B. Petrova, PhD Educational Institution «Belarusian State Medical University», Minsk, Belarus

Executive Editorial Office Secretary: Olga V. Laskina. Educational Institution «Belarusian State Medical University», Minsk, Belarus

Editor-in-chief greeting

Publication Ethics

Editorial Board

Chairman of the editorial board: Rudenok V.V., Grand PhD in Medical sciences, Professor (Minsk, Belarus)

Gelis L.G., Grand PhD in Medical sciences, Professor (Minsk, Belarus)

Grigorenko E.A., Grand PhD in Medical sciences, Associate Professor (Minsk, Belarus)

Gubkin S.V., Corresponding Member of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, Grand PhD in Medical sciences, Professor (Minsk, Belarus)

Danilova L.I., Grand PhD in Medical sciences, Associate Professor (Minsk, Belarus)

Dzjadz`ko A.M., Grand PhD in Medical sciences, Associate Professor (Minsk, Belarus)

Karpov I.A., Corresponding Member of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, Grand PhD in Medical sciences, Professor (Minsk, Belarus)

Kozlovkij V.i., Grand PhD in Medical sciences, Professor (Vitebsk, Belarus)

Kopitov A.V., Grand PhD in Medical sciences, Professor (Minsk, Belarus)

Medvedeva E.A., Grand PhD in Medical sciences, Associate Professor (Minsk, Belarus)

Ostrovskij A.Yu., PhD in Medical sciences, Associate Professor (Minsk, Belarus)

Pavlova O.S., Grand PhD in Medical sciences, Associate Professor (Minsk, Belarus)

Petrova M.N., PhD in Philological sciences, Associate Professor (Minsk, Belarus)

Pristrom A.M., Grand PhD in Medical sciences, Professor (Minsk, Belarus)

Rudenko E.V., Grand PhD in Medical sciences, Professor (Minsk, Belarus)

Ruzanov D.Yu., PhD in Medical sciences, Associate Professor (Gomel, Belarus)

Salivonchik D.P., Grand PhD in Medical sciences, Professor (Gomel, Belarus)

Sidorovich E. K., Grand PhD in Medical sciences, Associate Professor (Minsk, Belarus)

Sikorskiy A.V., PhD in Medical sciences, Associate Professor (Minsk, Belarus)

Sudzhaeva O.A., Grand PhD in Medical sciences, Professor (Minsk, Belarus)

Uss A.L., Grand PhD in Medical sciences, Professor (Minsk, Belarus)

Tsapaeva N.L., Grand PhD in Medical sciences, Professor (Minsk, Belarus)

Yanushko A.V., PhD in Medical sciences, Associate Professor (Grodno, Belarus)

Advisory Editorial Board

(International Consultative Committee)

Chairman of the Advisory Editorial Board: Ostrovskij Ju.P., Academician of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, Grand PhD in Medical sciences, Professor (Minsk, Belarus)

Abel`skaya I.S., Grand PhD in Medical sciences, Professor (Minsk, Belarus)

Azimferey Leonhard, Grand PhD in Medical sciences, Professor (Tîrgu Mureș, Romania)

Arutjunov G.P., Corresponding Member of the Russian Academy of Sciences , Grand PhD in Medical sciences, Professor (Moscow, Russian Federation)

Bedel'baeva G.G., Grand PhD in Medical sciences, Professor (Almaty, Kazakhstan)

Beljaeva L.N., Grand PhD in Medical sciences, Professor (Minsk, Belarus)

Vismont F.I., Corresponding Member of the National Academy of Sciences o Belarus , Grand PhD in Medical sciences, Professor (Minsk, Belarus)

Dzhunusbekova G.A., Grand PhD in Medical sciences, Professor (Almaty, Kazakhstan)

Drapkina O.M., Corresponding Member of Russian Academy of Sciences , Grand PhD in Medical sciences, Professor (Moscow, Russian Federation)

Dudarenko S.V., Grand PhD in Medical sciences, Professor (St. Petersburg, Russian Federation)

Kibira Satoshi, Grand PhD in Medical sciences, Professor (Akita, Japan)

Koziolova N.A., Grand PhD in Medical sciences, Professor (Perm, Russian Federation)

Kostjuk William, Grand PhD in Medical sciences, Professor (London, Canada)

Krasnyj S.A., Academician of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, Grand PhD in Medical sciences, Professor (Minsk, Belarus)

Kul'chickij V.A., Academician of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, Grand PhD in Medical sciences, Professor (Minsk, Belarus)

Khryshchanovich V.Ya., Grand PhD in Medical sciences, Professor (Minsk, Belarus)

Linn Tommi, Grand PhD in Medical sciences, Professor (Stockholm, Sweden)

Mrochek A.G., Academician of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, Grand PhD in Medical sciences, Professor (Minsk, Belarus)

Oganov R.G., Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Grand PhD in Medical sciences, Professor (Moscow, Russian Federation)

Pershagen Joran, Grand PhD in Medical sciences, Professor (Stockholm, Sweden)

Rebrov A.P., Grand PhD in Medical sciences, Professor (Saratov, Russian Federation)

Rud Charls, Grand PhD in Medical sciences, Professor (Berkeley, USA)

Rummo O.O., Academician of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, Grand PhD in Medical sciences, Professor (Minsk, Belarus)

Skugarevskij O.A., Grand PhD in Medical sciences, Professor (Minsk, Belarus)

Snezhickij V.A., Corresponding Member of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, Grand PhD in Medical sciences, Professor (Grodno, Belarus)

Tiffi Patrik, Grand PhD in Medical sciences, Professor (London, Canada)

Tret'jak S.I., Academician of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, Grand PhD in Medical sciences, Professor (Minsk, Belarus)

Fedoruk A.M., Grand PhD in Medical sciences, Professor (Minsk, Belarus)

Hirmanov V.N., Grand PhD in Medical sciences, Professor (St. Petersburg, Russian Federation)

Zhebentyayev A.I., Grand PhD in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Professor (Vitebsk, Belarus)

Tsarenkov V.M., Grand PhD in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Professor (Minsk, Belarus)

Khishova O.M., Grand PhD in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Professor (Vitebsk, Belarus)

Publishing Group

Balysh E. M., PhD in Medical sciences, Associate Professor (Minsk, Belarus)

Gerasimenok D.S., PhD in Medical sciences, Associate Professor (Minsk, Belarus)

Kononchuk N.B., (Minsk, Belarus)

Korzhenevskaia Iu.V., (Minsk, Belarus)

Mazanik Ju.N., (Minsk, Belarus)

Martusevich N.A., PhD in Medical sciences, Associate Professor (Minsk, Belarus)

Pinchuk A.V., Master of Pharmacological sciences (Minsk, Belarus)

Pleshko A.A., (Minsk, Belarus)

Pyko A.A., PhD in Medical sciences (Minsk, Belarus)

Rachok L.V., PhD in Medical sciences, Associate Professor (Minsk, Belarus)

Rustamov M.N., PhD in Medical sciences, Associate Professor (Minsk, Belarus)

Sachnova O.I., Master of Philological sciences (Minsk, Belarus)

Statkevich T.V., PhD in Medical sciences, Associate Professor (Minsk, Belarus)

Shibeko N.A., PhD in Medical sciences, Associate Professor (Minsk, Belarus)

Zhuk L.I., Editor (Minsk, Belarus)